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Hac1 Xbp1 intron
The Hac1 Xbp1 intron is a non-canonical intron, spliced from bZIP-containing genes called HAC1 in Fungi and XBP1 in Metazoa. Splicing is performed independently of the spliceosome by IRE1, a kinase with endoribonuclease activity. Exons are joined by a tRNA ligase. Recognition of the intron splice sites is mediated by a base-paired secondary structure of the mRNA that forms at the exon/intron boundaries. Splicing of the Hac1/Xbp1 intron is a key regulatory step in the unfolded protein response (UPR). The Ire-mediated unconventional splicing was first described for HAC1 in ''S. cerevisiae''.〔
==Consensus structure==
The secondary structure of the HAC1/XBP1 intron is very well conserved, and consists of two hairpins (H2 and H3) around the splice sites, and an extended hairpin (H1) that brings the splice sites together (see figure). The sequence of the intron is well conserved only around the splice sites. Non-canonical splicing motifs CNG'CNG in the loop region of H2 and H3 hairpins are conserved.
The consensus intron is very short (20, 23 or 26 nt). However, 14 yeast species have a long (>100 nt) intron in HAC1. In ''Saccharomyces cerevisiae'' the long intron pairs with the 5' UTR and stalls the ribosomes on the mRNA.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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